The article analyzes primarily the most important reactions since the publication in October 1919 of Max Weber’s speech “Science as a Vocation”. It presents the confrontation between Erich von Kahler and Arthur Salz regarding the “vocational” localization of science in a modernity that has undergone radical restructuring due to the First World War. Ernst Krieck’s overwhelmingly positive reaction to Kahler’s publication is also analyzed. Next, the presentation turns indicatively to the contemporary views of V.I. Lenin on the role of youth in a revolutionary period. Finally, the confrontation between Dimitris Glinos and Ioannis Sykoutris is summarized regarding the youth and its position in an era of profound uncertainty.